Country climate rankings
Who emits most, whose electricity is cleanest, who has cut most, and where the climate has warmed most since 1979. Select a country for its full page.
Largest emitters of carbon dioxide, 2025
Total yearly emissions, in million tonnes of CO2.
| # | Country | Million tonnes | Share of world | Per person, tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 12,418 | 31.8% | 8.8 |
| 2 | United States | 5,036 | 12.9% | 14.5 |
| 3 | India | 3,203 | 8.2% | 2.2 |
| 4 | Russian Federation | 1,767 | 4.5% | 12.3 |
| 5 | Japan | 960 | 2.5% | 7.8 |
| 6 | Iran | 855 | 2.2% | 9.3 |
| 7 | Indonesia | 822 | 2.1% | 2.9 |
| 8 | Saudi Arabia | 638 | 1.6% | 18.5 |
| 9 | Republic of Korea | 581 | 1.5% | 11.2 |
| 10 | Germany | 574 | 1.5% | 6.8 |
| 11 | Canada | 547 | 1.4% | 13.6 |
| 12 | Brazil | 497 | 1.3% | 2.3 |
| 13 | Turkey | 486 | 1.2% | 5.5 |
| 14 | Mexico | 471 | 1.2% | 3.6 |
| 15 | South Africa | 460 | 1.2% | 7.1 |
| 16 | Australia | 379 | 1.0% | 14.0 |
| 17 | Vietnam | 375 | 1.0% | 3.7 |
| 18 | United Kingdom | 320 | 0.8% | 4.6 |
| 19 | Kazakhstan | 310 | 0.8% | 14.9 |
| 20 | Malaysia | 306 | 0.8% | 8.5 |
| 21 | Italy | 294 | 0.8% | 5.0 |
| 22 | Poland | 284 | 0.7% | 7.4 |
| 23 | Thailand | 256 | 0.7% | 3.6 |
| 24 | France | 255 | 0.7% | 3.8 |
| 25 | Iraq | 255 | 0.7% | 5.4 |
Source: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project (CO2) and Ember and the Energy Institute (electricity). CO2 from fossil fuels and industry; land use not included.
Highest emissions per person, 2025
Countries of one million people or more.
| # | Country | Tonnes per person | Million tonnes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Qatar | 31.5 | 98 |
| 2 | Kuwait | 22.5 | 113 |
| 3 | Bahrain | 22.5 | 37 |
| 4 | United Arab Emirates | 20.7 | 235 |
| 5 | Trinidad and Tobago | 19.5 | 29 |
| 6 | Saudi Arabia | 18.5 | 638 |
| 7 | Oman | 16.2 | 89 |
| 8 | Kazakhstan | 14.9 | 310 |
| 9 | United States | 14.5 | 5,036 |
| 10 | Australia | 14.0 | 379 |
| 11 | Canada | 13.6 | 547 |
| 12 | Russian Federation | 12.3 | 1,767 |
| 13 | Mongolia | 11.9 | 42 |
| 14 | Turkmenistan | 11.3 | 86 |
| 15 | Republic of Korea | 11.2 | 581 |
| 16 | Taiwan | 10.8 | 250 |
| 17 | Libya | 10.4 | 78 |
| 18 | Iran | 9.3 | 855 |
| 19 | Singapore | 9.2 | 54 |
| 20 | China | 8.8 | 12,418 |
| 21 | Malaysia | 8.5 | 306 |
| 22 | Japan | 7.8 | 960 |
| 23 | Poland | 7.4 | 284 |
| 24 | Belgium | 7.4 | 87 |
| 25 | Czech Republic | 7.3 | 78 |
Source: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project (CO2) and Ember and the Energy Institute (electricity). CO2 from fossil fuels and industry; land use not included.
Cleanest electricity
Share of electricity from low-carbon sources (renewables and nuclear). Countries generating at least 10 terawatt-hours a year.
| # | Country | Low-carbon | Renewables | Nuclear | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bhutan | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2024 |
| 2 | Costa Rica | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2025 |
| 3 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2024 |
| 4 | Ethiopia | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2025 |
| 5 | Iceland | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2024 |
| 6 | Nepal | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2024 |
| 7 | Paraguay | 100% | 100% | 0% | 2025 |
| 8 | Norway | 99% | 99% | 0% | 2025 |
| 9 | Sweden | 99% | 71% | 28% | 2025 |
| 10 | Uruguay | 98% | 98% | 0% | 2025 |
| 11 | Switzerland | 98% | 68% | 30% | 2025 |
| 12 | Finland | 96% | 56% | 40% | 2025 |
| 13 | France | 95% | 26% | 69% | 2025 |
| 14 | Tajikistan | 94% | 94% | 0% | 2025 |
| 15 | Denmark | 91% | 91% | 0% | 2025 |
| 16 | Venezuela | 91% | 91% | 0% | 2024 |
| 17 | Kenya | 90% | 90% | 0% | 2025 |
| 18 | Brazil | 89% | 87% | 2% | 2025 |
| 19 | New Zealand | 88% | 88% | 0% | 2025 |
| 20 | Zambia | 88% | 88% | 0% | 2024 |
| 21 | Slovakia | 85% | 19% | 66% | 2025 |
| 22 | Kyrgyzstan | 85% | 85% | 0% | 2025 |
| 23 | Austria | 84% | 84% | 0% | 2025 |
| 24 | Mozambique | 83% | 83% | 0% | 2024 |
| 25 | Portugal | 81% | 81% | 0% | 2025 |
Source: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project (CO2) and Ember and the Energy Institute (electricity). CO2 from fossil fuels and industry; land use not included.
Biggest cuts in emissions since 1990
Countries that emitted at least 10 million tonnes in 1990. Part of the fall in former Soviet and eastern European countries came from the collapse of heavy industry in the early 1990s, not from climate policy.
| # | Country | Change | 1990, Mt | 2025, Mt |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Moldova | −85% | 37 | 6 |
| 2 | Ukraine | −80% | 707 | 139 |
| 3 | Estonia | −80% | 37 | 8 |
| 4 | Latvia | −68% | 20 | 6 |
| 5 | Lithuania | −67% | 36 | 12 |
| 6 | Romania | −64% | 177 | 63 |
| 7 | Bulgaria | −56% | 77 | 34 |
| 8 | Slovakia | −54% | 62 | 28 |
| 9 | Denmark | −54% | 53 | 24 |
| 10 | Czech Republic | −53% | 164 | 78 |
| 11 | Belarus | −51% | 108 | 53 |
| 12 | Finland | −49% | 57 | 29 |
| 13 | Dem. Rep. Korea | −48% | 118 | 62 |
| 14 | Hungary | −48% | 73 | 38 |
| 15 | United Kingdom | −47% | 602 | 320 |
| 16 | Luxembourg | −47% | 12 | 6 |
| 17 | Germany | −46% | 1,055 | 574 |
| 18 | North Macedonia | −41% | 11 | 7 |
| 19 | Kyrgyzstan | −36% | 19 | 12 |
| 20 | France | −35% | 396 | 255 |
| 21 | Greece | −35% | 83 | 54 |
| 22 | Italy | −33% | 438 | 294 |
| 23 | Russian Federation | −31% | 2,549 | 1,767 |
| 24 | Sweden | −30% | 57 | 40 |
| 25 | Netherlands | −29% | 163 | 116 |
Source: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project (CO2) and Ember and the Energy Institute (electricity). CO2 from fossil fuels and industry; land use not included.
Where it has warmed most since 1979
Average temperature over 2016–2025 compared with 1979–1988, whole country, all months. Countries of half a million people or more.
| # | Country | Warmer by |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ukraine | +2.5 °C |
| 2 | Moldova | +2.5 °C |
| 3 | Belarus | +2.5 °C |
| 4 | Iran | +2.3 °C |
| 5 | Norway | +2.3 °C |
| 6 | Austria | +2.3 °C |
| 7 | Syria | +2.3 °C |
| 8 | Lithuania | +2.3 °C |
| 9 | Estonia | +2.2 °C |
| 10 | Poland | +2.2 °C |
| 11 | Switzerland | +2.2 °C |
| 12 | Latvia | +2.1 °C |
| 13 | Slovenia | +2.1 °C |
| 14 | Finland | +2.1 °C |
| 15 | Slovakia | +2.1 °C |
| 16 | Romania | +2.1 °C |
| 17 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | +2.1 °C |
| 18 | Germany | +2.1 °C |
| 19 | Luxembourg | +2.1 °C |
| 20 | Russian Federation | +2.0 °C |
| 21 | Iraq | +2.0 °C |
| 22 | Lebanon | +2.0 °C |
| 23 | Belgium | +2.0 °C |
| 24 | Czech Republic | +2.0 °C |
| 25 | Croatia | +2.0 °C |
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service, ERA5 reanalysis, monthly country averages.