Kingdom of eSwatini
The forecast leans towards a drier-than-normal December–February in the Kingdom of eSwatini (45% chance). That matches the past: 13 of 15 El Niño seasons since 1980 were drier than usual here.
Leaning drier
45% drier · 35% normal · 20% wetter
Likely warmer
>95% chance of warmer than 1993–2016
13 of 15 drier
-29% rainfall on average, 1979-2025
53 Moderate
Worst day: Mbabane, 16 November 2026
Current events in the Kingdom of eSwatini
No current flood, drought, cyclone, large wildfire or unhealthy-air event is listed for the Kingdom of eSwatini in our sources.
Headlines about the Kingdom of eSwatini
No climate headlines mentioning the Kingdom of eSwatini were found in the last two weeks.
Found through the GDELT Project by climate words in the headline. We do not write or check these articles.
The next six months
Odds of each outcome compared with the 1993–2016 average.
December–February
February–April
Away from the tropics, seasonal rainfall forecasts have limited skill. Treat small shifts in the odds as weak signals. “Normal” is the middle third of the model's own 1993–2016 range. Because the climate has warmed since then, “warmer” is the usual result almost everywhere.
Source: Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecasts, ECMWF system 51, country average. Method
What the Kingdom of eSwatini emits, and how it makes electricity
The Kingdom of eSwatini emitted 1.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and industry in 2025, or 0.9 tonnes per person. That is up 15% since 1990.
1.1 Mt
0.9 t
+15%
+8%
Electricity by source, 2024
- Coal 3%
- Hydro 57%
- Solar 5%
- Other renewables 34%
Source: Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project, Ember and the Energy Institute (CC BY 4.0). CO2 from fossil fuels and industry; land use not included.
Smoke and haze, next 4 days
Daily average fine particles (PM2.5) on the US EPA air-quality index.
| City | Nov 15 | Nov 16 | Nov 17 | Nov 18 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MbabaneCapital | 28Good | 53Moderate | 25Good | 53Moderate |
| LobambaCapital | 28Good | 53Moderate | 25Good | 53Moderate |
| Manzini | 28Good | 53Moderate | 25Good | 53Moderate |
| Siteki | 13Good | 29Good | 24Good | 41Good |
| Piggs Peak | 22Good | 44Good | 26Good | 52Moderate |
AQI: US EPA 24-hour PM2.5 scale (2024). Model forecast for an area of about 40 km, not a local measurement. Local levels can be higher or lower. Dates are UTC days. Source: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, run 2026-11-14 00 UTC.
What past El Niños did here
Each season in El Niño years compared with all other years, 1979-2025, trend removed.
| Season | Rainfall | Rainfall detail | Temperature |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dec–Feb | Drier in 13 of 15 El Niño seasons (about 29% less rain on average) | +0.7 °C | |
| Jan–Mar | No consistent pattern (about 26% less rain on average) | +0.7 °C | |
| Feb–Apr | Drier in 8 of 10 El Niño seasons (about 22% less rain on average) | +1.0 °C | |
| Mar–May | Drier in 7 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 20% less rain on average) | +1.1 °C | |
| Apr–Jun | No consistent pattern (about 15% less rain on average) | +0.6 °C | |
| May–Jul | No consistent pattern (about 13% more rain on average) | +0.4 °C | |
| Jun–Aug | Wetter in 7 of 8 El Niño seasons (about 43% more rain on average) | -0.0 °C | |
| Jul–Sep | Wetter in 8 of 9 El Niño seasons (about 46% more rain on average) | -0.1 °C | |
| Aug–Oct | No consistent pattern (about 8% more rain on average) | +0.1 °C | |
| Sep–Nov | No consistent pattern (about 13% less rain on average) | -0.1 °C | |
| Oct–Dec | No consistent pattern (about 19% less rain on average) | +0.1 °C | |
| Nov–Jan | Drier in 12 of 15 El Niño seasons (about 24% less rain on average) | +0.3 °C |
Bars: brown is drier, teal is wetter; full width is ±100%. Source: ERA5 reanalysis (Copernicus Climate Change Service); El Niño seasons from NOAA's Oceanic Niño Index. Method
What you can do
If it turns out drier
- Follow water-use notices from your local water utility, and fix leaks early.
- Farmers: check planting advice and drought bulletins from the national agriculture and weather services before the season.
- Clear dry vegetation near homes where wildfires are possible, and know your local fire-danger rating.
- Keep a few days of drinking water stored if supply cuts have happened in past dry years.
If it turns out hotter
- Check on older relatives, neighbours and anyone who lives alone during hot spells.
- Drink water regularly, and avoid hard outdoor work in the hottest hours.
- Know the signs of heat exhaustion (dizziness, headache, nausea) and when to get medical help.
Data and citation
- El Niño status: NOAA Climate Prediction Center, 12 November 2026.
- Seasonal outlook: Copernicus Climate Change Service, Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) seasonal forecasts, ECMWF system 51, issued November 2026.
- Air quality: Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, run 2026-11-14 00 UTC.
- Past El Niños: ERA5 (Copernicus Climate Change Service), 1979-2025; NOAA Oceanic Niño Index.
Cite as: “Seasonal outlook for the Kingdom of eSwatini”, How's the Climate, https://howstheclimate.org/country/eswatini/, updated 15 November 2026.
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